Kolkata, also known as Calcutta, is a vibrant city located in the eastern part of India. It is a city that is rich in history, culture, and architecture. Kolkata has a significant place in India's history and is known for its colonial legacy. Regarded as the cultural capital of India, also labelled as 'City of Joy', is one of the metro cities in India. Founded in the late 18 th century, Kolkata was the capital of British ruled India till 1911. During the British rule, this city was the centre of independence movement.
- Once the cultural, commercial and political hub of independent India, Kolkata holds many golden feathers in its crown.
- Maximum number of Nobel laureates (four) and two Nobel memorial prize winners are associated
with this city:
- The Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port.
- The Second medical college in India was established in the year1835.
- First University in India was established in Kolkata in the year 1857.
- Metro Rail Kolkata, the first underground rapid transit system in India started operating on 24 th October, 1984.
- Rabindra Setu, the bridge that connects city of Howrah to Kolkata is one of its kinds with steel superstructure (anchored span cantilever type) and having clear span of 457 m. This bridge was opened to traffic in the year 1943.
- First ever built major cable stayed bridge in India with central span of 457 m (Vidyasagar Setu),the longest span cable stayed bridge was opened to traffic in the year 1992.
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The 42, a residential skyscraper in Kolkata (268 m high) was put to use in the year 2019, which was then the tallest building in India.
Kolkata is a heaven for foodies and especially for people with a sweet tooth. Bengali sweets are famous; however the spicy, tangy and absolutely mouth-watering street food of Kolkata are unparalleled in the country. Add to that the traditional Chinese and Tibetan food are bound to mesmerize one with ultimate gastronomic delights.
Other than these accolades this city is also famous for tourist attractions like Indian Museum, Jorasanko Thakurbari (Birth place of Rabindranath Thakur), Victoria Memorial, Alipore Zoo, Marble Palace, and places of worship like Kalighat Temple, Dakshineswar Temple, , Belur Math, Nakhoda Masjidto Jain temples, to name a few.
Kolkata experiences pleasant weather during January, which is typically the winter season in the city. The average temperature during this time is around 14°C to 26°C (57°F to 79°F). In the morning and evening, the temperature can drop to around 12°C (54°F), and during the day, it can reach a maximum of 28°C (82°F). The weather is generally dry during this period, with an average humidity of around 60%.
Kolkata is well-connected with different cities in India and abroad through various modes of
transportation. Here are some of the ways to reach Kolkata from different cities:
1. By Air: Kolkata has an international airport, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, which is connected to major cities in India and abroad.
2. By Train: Kolkata is well-connected to major cities in India through its railway network. It is a major railway hub and has three railway stations, Howrah, Sealdah and Kolkata which connect it to different parts of India.
Places of Attraction
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Flanked by River Hooghly on the Eastern bank, Dakshineswar Kali is a revered Hindu navratna temple which is presided by Bhavatarini - a form of Goddess Kali. Built in Rani Rashmoni in 1855 who was a devotee of Goddess Kali, the Bhavatarini form means ‘she, who liberates her devotees from the ocean of existence.’ Aside from the main shrine, there are also several rooms built along the complex surrounding the boundary walls.
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Belur Math in Kolkata is the headquarters of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission. Sprawling over forty acres of land on the west bank of the Hooghly River, it is visited by people from all over the world, irrespective of their religious beliefs.
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The Marble palace near the Chorbagan in North Kolkata built in 1835 by Rajendra Mallick is famed for its art collection of masterpieces by Reuben and paintings by various renowned international artists such as Reynolds, Van Gogh and Rembrandt.. The Palace also boasts of a Zoo with different rare birds and animals.
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The ninth oldest museum of the world and largest in India, the Indian Museum is located in the city of joy - Kolkata. The foundation stone of the Indian Museum was laid down in the year 1814 and has been a centre of multidisciplinary activities ever since. Popularly known as 'Jadughar', it has the finest collection of contemporary paintings, sacred relics of Buddha, Egyptian mummies and ancient sculptures.
In addition to these, the Indian Museum boasts of some of the most exquisite collections of ornaments, fossils, skeletons, antiques, armours, and stunning Mughal paintings.
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Another relic of the British Raj in India, the Victoria Memorial is located in the heart of Kolkata, in West Bengal. This white marbled opulent structure was built in memory of Queen Victoria to celebrate her 25 years of rule over India and is almost a replica of the Victoria Memorial in London. Victoria Memorial is an iconic structure that is synonymous with the city of joy!
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Pareshnath Jain Temple is a temple complex dedicated to four Jain Teerthankaras. The complex is a beautiful arrangement of these shrines and draws tourists from all over the world. The architecture of the temples consists of intricately carved marbles and glass work and is indeed one of the few temples that have a charismatic vibe. The complex expands over a vast piece of land and is mostly visited by followers of Jainism.
The temple complex also houses extremely well-maintained gardens and fountains. Many visitors claim it is not just a religious retreat but also a recreational one because of its architecture.
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Situated at the famous Chowringhee Road right in the proximity of Victoria Memorial and St. Paul's Cathedral Birla planetarium is the largest planetarium in Asia and the second largest in the world! Situated in the city of joy - Kolkata, Birla Planetarium is a magnificent edifice set up by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 2nd July 1963. It is one of the three planetariums present in India.
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Kalighat Temple is located in Kolkata, West Bengal. One of the 51 Shakti Sthals of India, it is one of the most visited Kali temples in India. The spot is where the toes of Sati's right foot fell during Shiva's Tandava dance. It is said that Kalighat was where Chowranga Giri, a Dasanami monk, worshipped Ma Kali with great austerity and has thus been known as a religious centre for Ma Kali worship for centuries.
This 200-year-old temple embodies the principle that only divine knowledge can subsume sodomized ego, akin to an Asura. This transcendence will lead to moksha, as Ma Kali guides all through their devoted worship of her.
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The Alipore Zoo, also known as the Calcutta Zoo or the Zoological Garden of Alipore, is the oldest zoological park to have been established in India and is a major tourist attraction in Kolkata, West Bengal. The Alipore Zoo attracts tourists from all across the nation who visit the zoo to explore the wildlife that thrives here.
The Alipore Zoo is perhaps the most known for being the home of the expired Aldabra giant tortoise 'Adwaita', a tortoise who had lived for over 250 years before he died in the year 2006.
The place is a must-visit for nature enthusiasts, or for families with children, to explore the abundant and plentiful wildlife of the country at its best. Spread over an area of 46.5 acres, the zoo has been operating since 1876, when it was first opened to the general public.